NACFE created this Guidance Report to help fleet owners understand the total cost of ownership (TCO) decision factors for North American medium-duty commercial battery electric vehicles (MD CBEVs). Battery electric technology exists as an option in competition with other powertrains; modern fleet managers must evaluate when and how to add MD CBEVs to their fleet. Also, the multitude of manufacturers, truck builders—both established and start-ups—and component manufacturers are expected to utilize the findings in this report to improve their initial and ongoing product offerings.